Technology Information

As the world has become increasingly interconnected by modern telecommunication and computer technologies, the concept of information has taken on new meaning and importance. Accordingly, new fields related to designing, using, and man aging systems that handle information have emerged.

As the world has become increasingly interconnected by modern telecommunication and computer technologies, the concept of information has taken on new meaning and importance. Accordingly, new fields related to designing, using, and man aging systems that handle information have emerged.

??????????? After decades of slowly expanding behind the scenes, information technology has suddenly exploded into public view and seems to be every where in the popular media. It is almost impossible to avoid media stories on such topics as the information superhighway, multimedia, or the Internet. These aspects of information technology are just a few of the thousands of ways in which information technology will affect the way we work, live and play .

??????????? Information technology has changed dramatically . Not? long ago, information was processed using electrical or mechanical devices such as typewriters, calculators, and telephones . Calculations made with a calculator had to be typed into a document . Documents then had to be hand carried to a copy machine . Mail could be sent only in printed form . Today , all these devices and procedures have been automated and many of their functions are controlled by built-in microprocessors, computer on chips automated and many of their functions are controlled by build-in microprocessors, computers on chips that give even ordinary devices extraordinary capabilities. But it is not just that individual machines have been improved. The most dramatic change is how all those old information modules are being connected by digital highways .Once information is created in any form, text sound , pictures, animations, or movies, it can be instantly distributed for changed to other forms in a variety of ways . Technology is advancing so rapidly that previously is orated fields such as television , phone , computers , and radio are all converging into a single field .

??????????? Even though we all use modern information technology, we may not necessary concern ourselves with the details of how these new technologies operate. These details are primarily the concern of professionals in technical areas, which we will refer to as the field of information engineering . An information engineering must understand first what information is and how to make it useful to people for example , by transforming it , storing it, or transmitting it.

INFORMATION? TECHNOLOGY

Information Technology , of IT , is the language of today ?s high ?tech world .
At one time , only very large companies might have a need for an IT department or expert . But in today?s information ?driven economy, all companies need someone who can keep their computer systems running smoothly and their technology working efficiently. Today?s IT workers are working an virtually every industry , including banking, telecommunications,? education , retail , law enforcement? and medical .

IT? (information technology ) is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create , store , exchange , and? use information in its various forms (business data, voice conversations , still images , motion pictures, multimedia presentations, and other forms , including those not yet conceived). It`s a convenient term for including both telephony and computer technology in the same word . It is the technology that is driving what has often been called ?the information revolution)?.

???????? Definition : IT ( Information Technology ) is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create , store , exchange , and use information in its various forms ( business data , voice conversations, still images , motion pictures, multi media presentations, and other forms including those not yet conceived). It`s a convenient term for including botha telephony and computer technology in the same word . It is the technology that is driving what has often been called ?the information revolution ?

IT (information Technology ) is the branch of technology devoted to

? The study and application of data and the processing thereof ; i.e.,the automatic acquisition ,storage ,manipulation ( including transformation ) , management , movement ,control , display ,switching , interchange,. Transmission or reception of data , and

?? The development and use of the hardware , software , firmware , and procedures associated with this processing .

????????? Information Technology means the use of hardware , software , services and supporting infrastructure to manage and deliver information using voice , data and video.

THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Is information technology ?, computer? literacy and access to information important in today?s society ? Looking at the facts and figures , the question is rhetorical beyond doubt.

Obviously ,the success in the information society demands computer literacy ,It is more or less impossible to complete and education let alone get and maintain a position on the job market without IT skills . Likewise , the ability to utilize information technology is important in most other aspects of life . Consider email for correspondence, home ? banking ,access to public services, access to library? services, e-commerce, access to traffic information , the ability to book theatre tickets and so on.

????? As such, information technology ,computer literacy and information access is important to everyone in information society , the visually impaired not excluded . In fact , these competencies may be even more important to people with a visual disability ,as discussed in more detail in subsequent sections. To some extend, IT competencies may eventually resolve some of the issues of underemployment and unemployment and unemployment amongst the visually disabled.

APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Computers are every where and business and industry are using them in a new ways unthought-of? of even a decade ago .we can list thousands of these modern uses . Were the power to computers ever shut off , business and industry would almost instantly grind to a halt. Without computers the modern corporation and industry would almost grind to a halt .Without computers, the modern corporation could not even exist . Computer have become so deeply embedded in information? processing and communications systems that almost no activity would be possible without them.

Computer in Business

1. Transaction Processing : Most business activities involve transactions with suppliers, employees , or customers, Computer can make these transactions possible.
2. Home ? based workers : Now that it is easy to connect at home to all of the computers at the office, more and people working at home .These telecommuters often work one or more days without the traditional commute .The same ability to communicate so easily makes home ?based business easier to start and operate.
3. Desktop publishing : Producing finished business literature is one of the uses of the uses of computer in business .Using desktop publishing programs ,or even sophisticated word processing programs ,people can create sales letters , brochures? ,price lists, newsletters, and even book ?length manuals.
4. Financial analysis: Financial analysis is perfumed throughout the company , from top management to down . People can analyze investments , sales , expenses markets and other aspects of the business using both number and graphs .

Computer in Industry

????????? Computers have had a major impact in industries where products are designed and? manufactured. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is used to develop products. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is used to produce them .

1. Product design : Designing complicated products con require the efforts of thousands of people working together . This teamwork is greatly enhanced through the use of computerized design.
2. Factories: Factory floors are becoming increasingly populated by computers used for many purposes including inventory control and planning ane process control. Computers are also used to run robots that create, finish , assemble, and test products and their components .

Computer in the home

??? When your computer is connected to a CD-ROM drive , encyclopedia information movies and animation are instantly available. When computer is connected to phone line, we can visit other parts of the world.

Computer in Education

????? Computers have been used in schools since the first Apples were introduced in the 1970.However , their impact was limited then because there were not enough computers and educational computer programming was poor. As technology has advanced education software has become a major influence at all levels from? elementary schools to universities . The ability to connect computer and students together over a network such as the Internet opens up fantastic educational opportunities.

??? Computers are specially valuable for students with special needs .A computer?s voice recognition capabilities and its connection to the Internet make it possible for special education users to participate in learning experiences form which they may have previously been excluded.

Computer? in Entertainment

?????? Computer are used in entertainment to create? or enhance a production or performance. The tools have become so? sophisticated that it?s becoming impossible to? distinguish between the real and the artificial in film and photography .

Computer in science and Engineering

????? Powerful computers are used to simulate dynamic in the practice of science? and engineering.

1. Medicine: Physicians use information technology? to understand the human body and to diagnose disorders .
2. Satellites: Satellites commonly used in Information Technology .They simply relay signals from one pointy to another , eliminating the need for wires between two locations. They also broadcast TV and even Internet signals so they can be picked up by small dish antennas.

FUNCTIONS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Information Technology can do at? least three things:

Information Technology can process raw data into useful information .

???? Example : Student data maintenance ? Every college or school has to maintain the data of all the students who are studying in the institution . The data may include reg. no ,name ,class , combination , fees and so? on . The stored can be processed into required information whenever the need arises.

Information Technology can recycle processed information and use it as data in another? processing step .

??? Already processed data can be combined with other information to increase its impact.

???? Payroll: Every organization will have to pay salary to its employees , to do this it will have to maintain the records of its employees . The records may contain information such as emp,no name ,address , basic pay , allowances and so on ,After processing meaningful information such as a pay slip may be generated .

Information Technology can package information? in a new form so it is easier to understand and , more attractive, or more useful

?? Billing System: Any shop dealing with products will have to maintain data about the products present in the shop . The data may include name of the item, weight ,price and so on .The organization of this data into a proper bill is the information , which is generated .

COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Information Technology has the following major components:

• Database
• Front End Application
• Network
• Operating Systems

Data Base

? ????What is involved in storing and manipulating data using computers? First of all we require software to store the data . This software is called a data base Databases are an important component of Information Technology .Databases could fall into three major categories:

• Flat files
• Relation databases
• Object oriented databases

??? Flat files databases were used in the 1970s and earlier years . In those days , there were no set industry standards to retrieve and manipulate data . Every body had written their own complicated programs in C language to read and modify data in flat files . Examples of? flat file databases are C databases , Fortran databases , and Pascal databases. In the 1980s relational databases emerged on the scene. The only difference between the flat files databases. The industry adopted the SQL ( Structured Query Language) as a standard language for querying and manipulating the data . Examples of relational databases are Oracle ,DB2 ,Informix and SQL Server .In the late 1990s , Object Oriented databases entered the I.T .market ,however they did not gain too much popularity since they were unable to beat the data integrity provided by relational databases .

Front ? End Application

???? Front ? end applications are another component of Information Technology .Storing the data and displaying it on the screen in a customized format are two different areas . The data is stored in databases .Employees of one department may want to use part of that data and perform some calculations on it ,while employees of some other department may want to use some other data stored in the same database. Each department of the company , for example ,would develop its own front-end applications to display data on the screen ,to perform some calculation on it and then store the new calculated data back to the database , to run some sports on the data . Members of the other department could run a front-end applications of their own to perform similar tasks. Therefore , we understand that each person or group of people can use different front end applications to display the data of their interest form the database and to perform some calculations on it .Different users could ?connect to one database using the same or different front ?end application .Front-end applications could be developed using tools or pure languages .Examples of front-end tools are Developer /2000,Visual Basic

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